WHEN TO USE
Use before a high-stakes conversation where you need to understand someone, not just sympathize with them.
WHAT TO DO
Before you enter, deliberately step outside your own frame of reference and ask: What is this person seeing, feeling, and needing right now? This is cognitive empathy (understanding their experience) rather than affective empathy, which is absorbing their emotions as your own and risks burning you out. Build the habit of asking these questions in advance so perspective-taking is already in view when the conversation gets hard.